I've been doing some testing with carriers lately, both for Support Doctrine builds and just to gauge their effectiveness, and one thing I can't determine is how the carriers task their fighters. Watching the AI fight, they
don't obey the usual rules for players. The fighters do not go towards the target that the ship has selected.
One consequence is that the AI will often "split" its fighters and missiles, if using a ship with both, which is often a bad call.
The AI will often also prioritize sending fighters after farther targets rather than closer ones if the target is vulnerable (maybe? I'm not sure), even though it is doubtful that the target will remain vulnerable once the fighters get there. This is also the #1 way that carriers lose fighters, because the fighters will move past/over unfluxed enemy ships and get destroyed. It doesn't help in this case that if a "wing leader" of a fighter pack gets disabled, the entire strike will slow to match it rather than leaving it behind.
Case in point from a sim battle of an Astral vs an Eagle and a Falcon:
The first image is the situation: a heavily damaged Falcon that has been targeted by the AI and had missiles attacking it, and next to it the Astrals fighters. But they aren't going for it, but rather an Eagle entirely off screen. The eagle
had been badly damaged and high on flux, but at this point it has retreated far enough that it is certainly at 0 flux.
The second image shows how the Falcon is picking the fighters off as they travel past, and how it has been targeted and is still under missiles assault. I did not apply that target designation: the AI did. If the fighters followed it, they would have quickly killed the Falcon with little to no losses.