The best use I found for the Neutrino Detector is not actually finding the locations of things. It's for telling you where not to look and go to in a star system. You can pop the Detector for about 1 second, and if there's any general direction that lacks a neutrino trace, you can practically ignore that side of the star system if you're looking for valuables. At best, it basically eliminates half the search space needed to fully scour the system, saving you a lot of time if you then start doing the usual Sensor Burst scanning. At worst, you just have to keep the Detector up for a while to verify false positives, which isn't that hard to do -- nor is it much of an opportunity cost -- because you keep both your Sustained Burn speed and your current sensor range (unlike with the Sensor Burst, which causes you to halt and reactivate Sustained Burn again, and, from my experience, the range at which sensor pings can occur in your minimap is actually capped, so the massive sensor range increase isn't really as impressive as it seems). Yes, you do need to keep some Volatiles in your inventory to maintain the Detector, and it does increase your sensor profile by 50% while activated, but I didn't find these downsides to really matter at all in most cases, especially when a Sensor Burst slows you down a lot and makes you a massive "Go Here" beacon for nearby scavengers/[REDACTED].
Exploration is usually my go-to mode for the early- and mid-game to find good colony locations, special items, and blueprints, and so, whenever I have Volatiles, I use the Neutrino Detector while traveling between each unsurveyed planets to check for extra goodies along the way. I also do use Sensor burst frequently too, but mostly if I'm near a planet, star, stable location, or jump point, as a lot of objects like Domain Probes and Caches are found around these points of interests, and the speed penalty won't matter as much if, for example, interacting with and surverying a planet tends to reset the Sustained Burn speed (in a similar vein, you can use a Sensor Burst right before or while jumping into a star system to keep the sensor range increase as soon as you enter, saving a bit of time compared to using the Burst after entering and remaining stopped in place).