Yup, for the fastest carrier you're looking at the Heron! Bombers work fine this patch, but you are right just aren't very good vs frigates because the frigate just dodges. Atropos from Daggers are the exception as they can hit frigates reliably, but the dagger itself is only 175 speed so has trouble catching fast enemies.
To hunt frigates, you are going to want interceptors, but Talons are a bit too light weight beyond the early game. The best choice are Thunders because, beyond being blazing fast, they also have a larger engagement radius than the other interceptors so the carrier doesn't need to be as close. Condors struggle a bit to pack in 2 thunders, but Herons can fit 3 with no trouble at all. Warthogs aren't going to cut it, because most frigates (and even some destroyers) can just outrun them. If Thunders aren't available or you don't have enough to fill the decks, then Gladius' do quite well (and have higher firepower than thunders) and pair well with a claw wing or spark wing. The whole pack of fighters travels at the speed of the slowest wing to stay together (when not already fighting, where they accelerate to full speed), so mixing speeds tends to be a bit of a waste.
One tip and what I do is to put my anti-frigate carriers into a control group (by selecting them in combat and pressing control and a number like in RTS games). That means that to call for the quick end of any frigate all I need to do in the tactical screen is click the number and then right click the target.
