So, you can edit the available presets when you enable dev mode, there's a button on the main menu, but it's a rather powerful tool that can also overwrite the ship loadouts already in place
Personally I would just spend a lot of time in the simulator, that's how I learnt my ship setups.
The names of the presets don't really have that much impact on how they play, outside of the actual weapon setups (close support is all about CQC, assault is more balanced, etc)
The behaviour of the ships largely depends on the weapon setup, their current orders if any, and officer archetype (steady, timid, aggressive, etc)