Nope. They are not dead. They will come back in a matter of seconds. Its a zombie simulator, remember? You have to shoot them in the head.
Fighters have replacement times. 10-15 seconds is more than enough time to kill a squishy carrier and the carrier will not be able to stop you while its fighters are dead.
A little bit? How is that? Have you seen that happens to a capital when ball of Thunders shoot at it? Its fully disabled in a second or two. No engines, no guns, only sporadical activity when stuff got repaired and before it got disabled again.
What do thunders have to do with how easy it is to disable a warship vs a carrier... Shooting down fighters is disabling a carriers weapons, they don't have anything else to attack you with. It takes a lot more firepower to break through shields and disable a warships weapons, then it does to shoot down fighters.
There is no other enemy in the game apart from the AI. If it doesnt work, balance is gone.
If you have two guns with the same stats, but the AI is bugged and fires weapon B at half the max rate of fire, you don't double the ROF so the AI fires both at the same rate, you fix the AI. There's definitely room to tweak fighters but you're not going to fix the AI problems by balancing fighters differently.
Also, when I use condors, they just die. They don't work fine. They send their fighters off somewhere else and die to a frigate wandering around in the backline. Garbage ships not worth using, they can't escape anything and everything can kill them with minimal effort.