Luddic believers consider them to be
literally demonic. If you dock at a church world and have a ship with a shrouded hullmod, you instantly drop to -50 or so rep with them and they tell you to not bring back anything like that. In the codex entry lore blurbs about the shrouded enemies, excerpts from luddic sermons and the book of ludd are used. On top of that there are some similarities in naming and phrasing between shrouded enemies and other excerpts we've seen from the book of ludd.
"When the defiler unbinds the warp and weft of the Creator, what will they find behind that starry tapestry? A thousand thousand eyes darkened by trespass."
- The Book of Ludd, Visions 7:4
Sound like anything? Perhaps some sort of ... dark or
shrouded eye? Maybe a bit of a stretch.
However there are other, likely more intentionally drawn parallels.
"When the end comes, as it must soon come, it will be a yawning abyss darker than fear and filled of teeth, It will come to swallow hope, it will, it will come to swallow sin, it will, and the only escape is the Path, it is. The Path!"
- selection from the Archives of Holy Inquisition, Hesperus
This is the description of the Shrouded Maw, and sounds like a literal physical description, despite the flowery language our Inquisitor chooses to use.
"And so did wrath fall like a thunderbolt, and the blow was felt by all of the Faithful, and by all the unbelievers in the firmament. All then were a-murmur, near and far, and all did say 'Did you not hear a great shout of anger?'. But none could name its word, nor repeat it."
- The Book of Ludd, Visions 7:7
Description for the Rift Lightning weapon. Again, the mention of thunder seems like a direct parallel to the weapon it's supposed to be describing, but it really could just be a fun allegory David decided to through in too.
There are other quotes from the Book of Ludd or particularly from Luddic Inquisitors, which I don't believe we've seen referenced before this update in such quantity. (There's also a reference to them in the False Idols quest, first time I heard mention of them). Importantly though, in Visions 7:7, the wrathful "offense" was felt by both the believers and non believers, according to Ludd. Some
one is angry at all of humanity for some
thing. If it were the wrathful punishment of God, the one Ludd concieved of anyhow, then it's plausible it would punish even his believers, (Abrahamic Gods are known to do that), but I personally feel its more compelling if some other supernatural force was responsible. But if the entity were purely malignant to the Luddic God and his people, then it would also not make sense for it to punish believers and non believers evenly. So it's my belief that the Luddic conception of the Shrouded Dwellers, is that yes they are demons, but perhaps not the malignant evil kind, but sort of a "cruel arbiter" or punishing force that works with God but isn't a really something you want to be in a room with. Sort of like the Krampus to Santa Klaus.
Its worth noting that it seems like the Luddic faithful believe that the Shrouded Dwellers will instigate or execute the end of the world. Again, something that is almost certainly believed to be part of God's plan, which could lend some credence to my little theory.