Loadouts of various cruisers for use mostly by my NPCs. (Afflictor was my flagship, and it had Neural Interface to swap into other ships or at least copy an officer into a ship.) No s-mods. Hulls are all standard skins (no XIV or pirate ones.)
Starting with normal warships plus Doom...
Eagle
Capacitors: 6
Vents: 30
Weapons: 2x Hypervelocity Driver, 1x Heavy Mauler, 2x IR Autolance, 1x Graviton Beam, 4x Burst PD, 2x Atropos (1)
Hullmods: Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit
Champion
Capacitors: 13
Vents: 30
Weapons: 1x Squall MLRS, 1x High Intensity Laser, 2x Hypervelocity Driver, 2x Burst PD
Hullmods: Expanded Missile Racks, Integrated Targeting Unit, Stabilized Shields
Apogee
Capacitors: 1
Vents: 30
Weapons: 1x Squall MLRS, 1x High Intensity Laser, 2x IR Pulse Laser
Hullmods: Expanded Missile Racks, Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit, Stabilized Shields
Doom
Capacitors: 12
Vents: 0
Weapons: 2x Light Needler, 2x Heavy Blaster, 4x Burst PD
Hullmods: Hardened Subsystems, Integrated Targeting Unit, Phase Anchor, Resistant Flux Conduits
Now for carriers. I try to build them as battlecarriers so they can approach and shoot stuff, or at least shoot back if pressed. I favor interceptors over bombers because I do not have Leadership to keep bombers alive for very long (no Carrier Group), and I would like fighters to chase down cowardly small ships to put them out of their misery.
Heron
Capacitors: 3
Vents: 15
Weapons: 1x Pulse Laser, 4x Burst PD
Fighters: Claw, Broadsword, Talon
Hullmods: Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit
Mora #1
Capacitors: 9
Vents: 25
Weapons: 2x Typhoon Reaper, 2x Railgun, 1x Light Assault Gun, 1x Vulcan
Fighters: Claw, Broadsword, Talon
Hullmods: Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit
Mora #2
Capacitors: 10
Vents: 10
Weapons: 2x Typhoon Reaper, 2x Railgun, 5x Mining Laser
Fighters: 3x Warthogs
Hullmods: Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit
And for automated ships...
Apex
Capacitors: 0
Vents: 23
Weapons: 4x Jackhammer, 2x Pulse Laser, 2x Ion Cannon, 2x Burst PD
Hullmods: Expanded Missile Racks, Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit, Stabilized Shields
Brilliant
Capacitors: 3
Vents: 30
Weapons: 1x Tachyon Lance, 2x Hypervelocity Driver, 1x Graviton Beam, 1x IR Autolance
Hullmods: Hardened Shields, Integrated Targeting Unit, Stabilized Shields
Rampart
Capacitors: 0
Vents: 3
Weapons: 1x Devastator, 1x Mjolnir, 1x Squall MLRS
Hullmods: Armored Weapon Mounts, Heavy Armor, Integrated Targeting Unit, Resistant Flux Conduits
I am already giving up stuff to fit what I can already. Without s-mods, I feel like I am stuck with relatively basic or straightforward stuff for most loadouts. Occasionally, I might eek out a cheap hullmod like Efficiency Overhaul or Neural Interface/Integration.
Most bigger ships I used later are whatever I picked up from the enemy, although I built a few with Orbital Works. Apogee was my starter ship (I took Apogee start).