Tbh all missiles are specialized missiles.
For a Wolf, Swarmers are excellent anti-frigate missiles that allow them to pressure enemies and overwhelm light PD: 8x100 HE damage is not very dangerous to larger ships, but to a frigate its a big punch. Their ammo will last for early game fights, but run out in the midgame unless the fleet is missile oriented in general. They don't do particularly well against heavy fighters, because a wing of heavy fighters has as much or more HP than a frigate, but they help some at least when part of a pack. (In general if a wolf is caught out alone vs 2 wings of enemy fighters, it runs or dies.)
Harpoons are for fighting slower destroyers and up as they don't have the speed for frigates, but they allow small ships to quickly kill big ships that overload without having to have line of sight, even if the enemy is backing away. They are decent 1v1, but shine as a fleet strategy, as they have the range to 'gang up' from multiple ships.
Breaches split the difference, but aren't all that great. They are thankfully getting buffed though!
Salamanders are for harassment, distraction, and locking down mobile enemies. IMO they are good on the outskirts of a battle where the PD density isn't very high, but just get shot down in the thick of things. Surprisingly good vs Remnants because they have narrow shields and rely on speed.