Did some testing. Even with all mods enabled, using a fresh start I can add those ships to fleet doctrine safely so it must be something with the save. Which still crashes when selecting the no no ships in fleet doctrine. Perhaps either something corrupted over time on my end in the save or there is some arcane nonsense that slowly develops. Would sending you the save help? You lack the particular mix of mods and their various versions that I do so perhaps any tests you can give me to perform on my end would be better.
Got some more VIC ships in the save. VIC-C67 Cresil, VIC-M12LRS Focalor, and VIC-M12MRS Focalor are all safe to add to doctrine. The fact I had that one auto-fit crash as well makes me think it might be weapon related. Perhaps it's struggling with autofitting non VIC guns or displaying the ship in the preview with non VIC guns? Though this doesn't really make sense since all the other ships can safely do it. Something about small mount weapons maybe. The crashlog is so damn vague that debugging is awful.