So a lot of these people are giving general advice or just talking down, in a not particularly nice way, but aren't really suggesting what you do.
At the start, you're weak and crap. Unless you're really good with combat (A new player won't be) you can't even tackle the weakest enemy fleets you find.
All I do is follow Hegemony patrols early game. They don't have to be big patrols, they just have to be big enough. Do what the AI does. If they turn and flee, do the same. If they engage, usually they think they can win. Here is where you join in.
Stay near the larger AI ships until you are more confident. The AI may be cowardly, but it generally doesn't get itself completely wrecked. And if you get in to trouble, it generally does try to help you, if it thinks it can. When you get more confidence in your abilities, try working with an AI frigate. Stay close to them, and go after whom they go after.
I've found that I've made some extremely stupid mistakes at times... but an AI frigate or an AI carrier will rush in and bail my butt out if they see me backing away. I've taken a fair share of missiles/torpedoes to the face while maxed out on flux, and paid for it with my life. I've also had more than a few times when an AI frigate, or an AI carrier deciding to toss its fighters on me, saved my life by getting in the way of the salvo and eating it or PDing it. Generally the AI isn't consistent enough to rely on this 100% of the time, but its helpful.
Once I've gotten 2 or 3 frigates, I start going after the smaller fleets solo. This is where you start making your money in combat. You get money/wreckage and sometimes more ships from the combat. DMods are a pain in the butt, but an extra frigate is an extra frigate. And so long as you fight pirates, they have D mods too, so it just means a more even playing field. Work your way up to a destroyer (or if you're lucky, you'll find a free one!) and keep climbing that ladder. Don't be afraid to sell a ship you don't like. Don't be afraid to fix the Dmods if you find you have enough cash. Take everything, sell it at Jangala. I'll quite often go over my freight limit if I'm close to Jangala or the neutral planet that I can immediately offload the extra crap to.
You won't make a ton of money, but you'll not be poor.
When your rep is high enough, consider taking a commission with the Hedgemony. The money you get for killing things really helps keep you going. And if there is a bounty in system? All the better.
Eventually the pirates in Corvus WILL run low. You will find fleets that simply aren't worth your time to bother with, consisting of maybe 1 or 2 ships. Its at this point that I start to look elsewhere for my prey... Since you have Hedgemony commission, you can start hunting down those Tri-Tachyon bastards that the Hedgemony is perpetually at war with.
And start taking their delicious, expensive ships for yourself.
Also, the best piece of advice I can give: Save before every fight. I've won some pretty... Shady fights by save scumming until I won. I'm not afraid to admit that.