In my experience, unless you're working in a very light environment, you receive peak performance from N threads on N+1 processors. That's not to say you should allocate M-1 threads if you have M processors, but that the gains for that last thread won't be as good.
There are a number of quad-core systems with poor Starsector performance. That number is not statistically significant compared to the number of dual-core systems with poor performance or M-core systems with good performance. To really benefit, that would essentially mean you're trying to run the game on a Bulldozer-era AMD CPU, a Core 2 Quad, or one of the rare older low-power 4-core Intel mobile CPUs. Even in the latter case, multi-threading enhancements would not save you, since this game runs poorly on older integrated graphics solutions anyway.
I have run into situations where new, expensive computers work very poorly for single-threaded applications, however, and that's in servers and some types of workstations. Try taking a real-time simulation designed to work on a 3 GHz dual core CPU and putting it on a 2 GHz 12-core Xeon. Sigh...