I'm not sure any of that artwork fits for Domed Cities. They're not really domes - more like solid structures.
I think you're correct about the physics behind gas giant habitats. But the colony would already be built like that from the outset, right? What would change once Domed Cities was built? It's different on terrestrial worlds where the colony would originally be spread out and the buildings/cities look more traditional, as shown by the vanilla artwork.
You know, when a dome of a solid surface city breaks, all inhabitants have to flee inside the buildings and await repairs, while the in-dome atmosphere is contaminated / beasts roam the streets. An emergency, sure, but not necessarily a life ending scenario. You'd just be inconvenienced until order is restored and the dome repaired.
On a gas giant, the dome is your lifeline. If it breaks, the city falls, literally. And I for my part wouldn't build my lifeline out of inferior materials, just to have them be transparent. You need to build light and pressure resistant first and foremost. And in case of introduced stress (like attacks, crashes), you want your dome to bend like a metal, not shatter like a crystalline structure, be it glass or some other stuff. Sure, maybe a cloud city would have emergency thrusters, but they'd consume extreme amounts of fuel, and run out of it pretty fast, considering they are carrying a city against the high gravity of a gas giant.
Also, initial gas habs would be small and self-sufficient structures, strapped under giant blimps made of flexible fabric, simply because they need to be. Settlers wouldn't be able to afford them otherwise, and it would explain why factors like extreme weather would affect them. They'd soon consolidate around landing pads and other infrastructure, forming communities around refineries and space ports, but still be a chaotic amalgamation of "blimps", forming loose structures in much the same ways as small initial settlements grow and incorporate landmarks around them.
To consolidate them and build giant cloud cities would require a similar industrial undertaking to building a dome over a whole city, so cost wise it checks out, while offering the same benefits as a dome on a solid surface - a consolidated structure (or multiple of them) can withstand the weather and atmospheric conditions much better, offer superior access to all its facilities via high speed transportation, and keep giant amounts of space inside breathable and under normal pressure, reducing costs of life support and decon measures, while its high population density would attract more business from outside the planet.
Last but not least, you already have a custom building in the mod that replaces domed cities in favor for a structure befitting its environment: seabed cities.
So why not call them something along the line of cloud cities, with a couple of modifiers you deem fit to differentiate them from normal domed cities, and call it a day?
Bonus points for switching out the Artwork for mining on gas giants. Something along the lines of a floating refinery (maybe the one in the foreground of the first pic?).
