Most of the really game-changing mods are meant to make the game harder; in general I'd advise getting your feet wet, so to speak, with vanilla or vanilla + utility mods (things like omnifactory or the radar mod come to mind). And, thanks to the save transfer mod, you can do this and then add in mods later without losing character progression.
Bounty hunter is quite viable at the moment, though a bit trickier to start out - my advice is to go for a wolf with the weapon upgrade option. There are several threads around with advice on how to fly a heavy blaster wolf; it's not a trivial task (since you need to be able to deal with salamander missiles, either mounting enough PD to take them down - one burst PD should do it if you can find one, but other forms of small energy PD don't work well for me - or learning to fly so that they loop around you entirely and hit your front shields), but it has the most punch of your starting options.
If you do mess with mods, I'd advise looking at Starsector Plus (SS+) and its list of compatible mods; it does require significantly more memory than vanilla, however, so you'll also want to switch to 64-bit java. There's a stickied thread with instructions over in the bug report / support section of the forum. SS+ has a few more options for starting characters; the easiest path is probably to pick all of the Tri-Tachyon options and then take a ship upgrade; that starts you with a Tempest instead of a Wolf.
For the SS+ compatible mods, I'd advise adding Templars, Shadowyards, Interstellar Imperium, and Blackrock Driveyards. Neutrino Corporation works fairly well with this, too, though it's not on the official "integrated factions" list. Others on the list - Mayorate and Citadel - I am personally less impressed with, but your mileage may vary.
Don't completely ignore trade, though. In particular, if you ever see an Atlas for sale (the Sindrian Diktat has been my best source of these), buy it; even if you don't want it in your fleet right then, these are rare enough that you want to buy and drop it in storage if need be. Once you have even one of these, trade becomes a very viable option - buy food at Eos, ship it to somewhere that tends to have food shortages (Sindria, for example), and then just stockpile food in your storage there until there is a shortage. Then sell all of it; you'll probably get dinged -5 rep for taking advantage of selling more food than was needed to stop the shortage... but you'll also gain an enormous pile of XP (and cash); totally worth it.