Note to all: (If I'm wrong about anything below, please let me know)
Precision Gear - I don't think it's currently possible to give bonuses to specific weapons, so there's no way to only apply the effects to turrets.
EMP Nova - Shouldn't be too hard. You might want to make sure the AI never uses this while the (allied) player ship is in range.
Retro Boosters - Cool idea. Writing proper AI for it might be tough as there's no way to ask vanilla AI when it wants to disengage. I think it's doable though.
Overload - Hey! I'm planning to make something similar
Drone Launcher - Sounds like you want custom behavior for these drones. Could take some work depending on what you want and how picky you are.
Active Electronic Warfare - You might have trouble convincing the enemy AI not to ignore the drones with their main weapons.
Drone Bays - I don't think ships can launch more than one type of drone. Might be able to bypass this with hackery.
Phase Teleporter Cannon - Awesome
Emergency Thrusters - Might be difficult to make the ship move correctly while the engines are offline. I can't think of any good, clean ways to do this.
Missile Factory - Shouldn't be too much trouble.