I do agree that the AI is prone to serious lapses in self-preservation, but they seem to be pretty good about taking care of themselves when they aren't under direct orders. I have seen fighter wings very deliberately stay outside of PD range in engagements. Perhaps commands are overriding their survival instincts? They already have the ability to evaluate threats, so maybe they just need the ability to path around dangerous areas instead of making beelines, and maybe some general anti-suicide protocols so they can understand that "intercept this bomber wing" does not mean "follow this bomber wing unsupported into the heart of the enemy carrier fleet".
With regards to the Tempest;
First of all, the AI devotes an inordinate amount of effort to killing the Terminator Drone. While it's certainly too strong to ignore, between its small size, phase cloak, and phase skip, getting rid of it is always a chore...and then the Tempest just pops out a new one. Quite often, the better way to get rid of the drone is to kill the Tempest itself, given that they're a fragile unit with a small shield arc and one of the few hi-tech frigates that doesn't have an escape ability (other than being obnoxiously fast). Don't take this as hate on the Tempest or his little buddy, because I think they make an awesome unit and the 20,000 credit pricetag is a pretty fair check on their usefulness; I just feel like the AI should be directing much more attention to getting rid of the Tempest itself, rather than its easily replaceable drone.
The Tempest itself does seem to get a little bit suicidal, sometimes. I'm running three of them in my fleet right now, and by far the greatest cause of Tempest losses is their habit of hugging enemy ships that are about to explode and getting caught in the blast. I'm currently giving them a Pulse Laser, PD Laser, and a single-shot Atropos with Advanced Optics, Auxiliary Thrusters, Resistant Flux Conduints, and a whole lotta vents. Given that they're a fragile, evasive unit with 800 range on their primary weapon, I have no idea why they're doing that makes them get that close to the enemy. I don't think they're trying to do bombing runs, because I had the same problem when I was using a single-shot Harpoon in place of the torpedo. They also have this behavior when using a Heavy Blaster as their primary gun.
I've also noticed that enemy Phase Cloakers have a habit of popping out of phase for split seconds when surrounded by hostiles. I'm not sure what their goal is, since they don't have time to vent anything. They just end up increasing their flux with the activation cost and taking a bit of damage from any beam weapons that happen to be watching them. This often happens in situations where they had no chance of escaping before being forced out of phase anyways. The only guess I could venture is that the "I need to vent" and "I need to stay in phase" priorities aren't talking to each other correctly.