Maybe have something like "Administrative Capacity" on a colony, based on its infrastructure and population as is now, but possible to "upgrade" or build dedicated "Administration" facilities that can help reduce the Stability, Accessibility and or Productivity penalties of having more than one or two industries.
Tiers (Planet - One could imagine something similar for Stations if they become a thing):
Operations (Level 0) - Set up together with an outpost or colony. Can handle 1 industry and up to size 4 population without penalties
Development Board (Level 1) - Can handle 2-3 Industries and 6 population without penalties.
Administration (Level 2) - Can handle 4-5 Industries and 7+ population without penalties.
Penalties
Stability -4 from Mismanagement per Population level above what it can handle
Accessibility -10% from Mismanagement per Population level above what it can handle
Accessibility -10% from Mismanagement per Industry above what it can handle
Productivity -1 Units from Mismanagement per Population above what it can handle (ends up on black market)
Productivity -1 Units from Mismanagement per Industry above what it can handle (ends up on black market)
Random Events
Not having enough "Administrative Capacity", one could imagine that events like the below would fire of:
- Unrest (Lowers stability)
- Black market expands (Less income and produced goods)
- Red Tape (Increased Costs)
- Bureaucratic Speed (Lowers population growth)
- Logistics Issues (Lowers Accessibility)
While having enough would cause:
- Solves any of the above
- Refugee resettlement (Removes Refugee penalty - Refugees: Population Growth, but lowers stability and increases cost of Population and Infrastructure - Refugees requires that there is unrest on any other planet, though this could be a whole new mechanic)
- Black market disrupted (lowers goods on said market)