For the moment, you can edit the shortcut properties to force the game to use UI scaling. Windows is dumb though and you can't actually tell it how much to scale, only to use the current system setting. Windows scaling will make your resolution larger than the game setting, but at least you won't need to squint as hard.
You can force a game resolution through editing config files. Fire up your notepad++ (don't leave home without it!) and open your
\Starsector\starsector-core\data\config\settings.json
file. The magic line looks like
#"resolutionOverride":"1024x768",
#"forceAspectRatio":"1.3333",
Tweak it and remove the # to turn it on.
Beware that full screen mode is very picky about your screen resolutions. Only use official screen modes. Windowed mode will work with any reasonable number.