Sorry about the trouble! That's... really odd.
From the log, that's what it should look like when the launcher finishes loading. At that point, there should be a launcher window, where you can select your resolution and a few other settings, and then run the game. Are you sure it's not popping up under whatever other windows you've got or some such? I mean, probably not, but I have to ask just in case.
It's *possible* it might be a graphics driver issue, if those aren't up-to-date. I'd also definitely try temporarily disabling your antivirus, as well as any video capture software you might be running, or anything of the sort.
Finally, if you go into the starsector-core/data/config folder, there's a file there named "settings.json". If you open it up and change this line:
"legacyLauncher":false,
to:
"legacyLauncher":true,
That might help get a little further, though I would expect it to fail when actually starting the game from the launcher if this gets it to show, until whatever underlying problem we've got here is resolved.