Besides dedicated Point Defense and Tac Lasers, there are a number of weapons that are fast and accurate enough to track fighters and take them out extremely quickly.
Heavy Blasters, Phase Lances, Railguns and both Pulse Laser variants to name a few. You can also use area denial weapons like Annihilators, if you've got the spares, and spray them into fighter clouds. You'll take out a number of them, jack up their flux and make them use their own PD - with Wasp wings for example they'll even make missile defense their priority and ease off whatever else they've been chasing.
Argus and Burst PD are fine, but you'll notice that they become less effective with sustained fire and lots of threats to take care of. They work best for faster ships and phase ships in particular. If we're talking about a heavier boat that'll stay under pressure for a while, PD Lasers or Tac Lasers usually work better. If your loadout uses Expanded Magazines, that might once again make them worthwhile.
Fighters vs. fighters is okay, but I'd supplement them. It's too costly to throw 8 wings at 8 enemy wings and hope you come out on top. And for the OPs scenario with so many enemy wings incoming, it's not a good idea to try this. Better to let them run into a brick wall first, then deploy yours to better odds.
