Sorry, I honestly do this out of the hope that ES can improve since the premise is solid, but
is this
really necessary? Considering ES is a pretty subtle mod in the way it's implemented, placing it so prominently over the base game when it doesn't offer a stark difference in gameplay seems kinda odd, especially when it's not as polished as the base game font. Yeah, it's a mod, but c'mon - how many fully-featured mods and overhauls do you see doing this currently?
That said, the loading screen's not all bad. I think the art is pretty good and wouldn't mind seeing that. The font you're using is a bit of an eyesore, though. The color scheme works for Starsector's logo because the font is simplistic and doesn't feature a whole lot of curves and curls - mostly horizontal edges. The font you're using? Not so much - the jagged edges from the thin outline going through those curves stand out thanks to the contrast with the rest of the font and the dark background, and the gradient whites out far too early at the bottom. And the pure white one doesn't fare much better, especially on the caps.
Remember that people will be staring at this thing quite a bit, and it's out of the ordinary for Starsector mods, so it's important to make sure it's polished (I stared at it quite a bit tonight thanks to modded Starsector being modded Starsector). It'd be much improved by, at the very least, replacing Created by Truth with Extra System and ditching the center title. You could also normalize all the text to the Starsector font if available or, even better, put Starsector in the center with a (stylized?) ES suffix - it'd gel better with the rest of the game's aesthetic, dodge possible problems rendering the font since you can just reuse the E and S from the title, and it doesn't misrepresent the experience.
Basically, if this were a Legend of Galactic Heroes total conversion or something I'd be all over that font going all over the place. As-is?
Yikes, dude! Could dial it back a bit.
The mechanics are pretty solid, though, and they're why I paid so much attention to that loading screen.
Do you plan to change the potential thresholds/costs for improving individual or faction-specific ships down the road? With as unique as each hull ends up being, and the quirks unique to each faction, it that seems like an area that's ripe for more expansion and tweaking once you're ready for it. Like I imagine tricking out decommissioned and pirate ships could be dirt cheap to help further encourage using those ships, and it'd be pretty flavorful for a junk-scrounging scallywag to be able to eke out extra performance on a budget.